Fraunhofer IGCV Manufacturing Application Ontology
It uses Basic Formal Ontology as Top- and Common Core Ontologies as Mid-Level-Ontologies.
This ontology, designed for use in data management within the Fraunhofer IGCV's project-specific web-app, includes only those classes that are directly relevant to the project's needs. It primarily integrates existing classes from the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO), selectively chosen to fit the considered use cases in our project. This focused approach ensures efficient and relevant data categorization and retrieval tailored to our specific project requirements.
This ontology, developed for use at Fraunhofer IGCV, comprises a detailed collection of entities and their associated descriptions, tailored to support a range of projects like ODE_AM and HybridDigital within the manufacturing domain. It includes specific categories such as materials, processes, machinery, and quality standards, all of which are vital for research and development in advanced manufacturing techniques.
Fabrication
Table
Bei der Prüfung mit einem Pendelschlagwerk für das Brechen der Probe erforderliche Energie, die bezüglich der Reibung korrigiert ist
DIN EN ISO 148-1
Translated from german standard to english
Absorbed Fracture Energy
The energy required to break the specimen in a pendulum impact test, corrected for friction
Addition
Mathematical process where two or more numbers or quantities are combined together to find their sum or total value.
Bending Testing
Act of measuring that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of a portion of material
Charpy impact testing
Standardized high strain rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. Uses Standard DIN EN ISO 148
Compression testing
Act of measuring in which a material experiences opposing forces that push inward upon the specimen from opposite sides or is otherwise compressed, “squashed”, crushed, or flattened
Process that compacts and solidifies a material, often by applying pressure, to decrease porosity and enhance mechanical properties.
Consolidation
Verdichtung
Process wherein a material undergoes a chemical change to become hard and stable, often achieved through maintaining a specific temperature and humidity level for a set period.
Aushärtung
Curing
Quantitative assessment of an object's mass per unit volume, often expressed in terms like kilograms per cubic meter or grams per cubic centimeter
Density measuring
Division
Mathematical process where a number or quantity is separated or distributed into equal parts, determining how many times one number (the divisor) can be subtracted from another number (the dividend) to obtain a quotient or result.
DSC
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned.
Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry
Fatigue Test
Mechanical testing that involves subjecting a material or component to repeated cyclic loading or stress, typically at varying levels, to evaluate its resistance to fatigue failure and to determine its fatigue life and behavior under real-world operating conditions.
Process involving the physical manipulation of an object. With forming, an object is physically deformed to achieve a different size and/or shape.
Forming
Verformen
Act of abrasive machining that uses a grinding wheel or grinder as the cutting tool to improve surface qualities
LFA
The laser flash analysis or laser flash method is used to measure thermal diffusivity of a variety of different materials. An energy pulse heats one side of a plane-parallel sample and the resulting time dependent temperature rise on the backside due to the energy input is detected.
Laser flash analysis
Machining
Process whereby a desired shape or part is achieved by the controlled removal of material from a larger piece of raw material by cutting
Mathematical Operation
Act following a systematic set of steps or rules to transform input data or expressions into meaningful output, facilitating mathematical calculations and problem-solving.
Act of machining using rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece by advancing or feeding in a direction at an angle with the axis of the tool
Multiplication
Mathematical operation where two or more numbers or quantities are combined or repeated to find their product, representing the total of multiple equal groups or sets.
Process where pressure is applied to a material to alter its shape, form, or properties, often using a machine press to compress, compact, or shape it.
Pressen
Pressing
Powder sieving is the process of separating particles of a powdered material into different size fractions by passing the powder through a mesh or sieve, ensuring uniformity and desired particle size distribution.
Specific Heat Capacity Measurement
Material charakterization Process in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature.
Subtraction
Mathematical operation where one number or quantity is taken away from another to find the difference or result, representing the distance or gap between the two values.
Temperature Measurement
The act of measuring temperature involves using specialized instruments or devices to quantify the level of heat or coldness in an object or environment, expressing the result in a numerical value typically using a specific unit of measurement such as degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Tensile Testing
Act of measuring in domains materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure
TMA
A technique in which a deformation of the sample under non-oscillating stress is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed. The stress may be compression, tension, flexure or torsion.
Thermomechanical Analysis
Act of machining performed on a lathe in which the workpiece rotates at high speeds while a fixed cutting tool removes material
Vibratory grinding is a process of material removal and surface finishing where parts are placed in a vibrating container filled with abrasive media, which smooths and polishes the surfaces through continuous and rapid movements.
Virtual Geometry Manipulation
Scaling an STL-Model, change the shape of an CAD Model
An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature.
Autoclave
Bending Test Specimen
Artifact designed to be used in a bending test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of
Broken
State of being damaged, fractured, or not in proper working condition, typically describing an object, device, or system that is no longer functioning as intended due to physical or functional impairment.
Column
A column in a database table is a vertical entity that stores a specific attribute of data, all of the same data type, for each record in the table.
Compression Test Specimen
Artifact designed to be used in a compression test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of
Compressive Characteristic
Behavior and response of a material or structure under applied compressive forces, determining its ability to resist compression and withstand compressive loads before undergoing deformation or failure.
Mechanical property that measures the compressive stiffness of a solid material when the compressive force is applied lengthwise.
Compressive Modulus
Compressive Strength
Maximum amount of compressive stress a material can withstand before it fails or experiences permanent deformation, measured in units of force per unit area (e.g., pounds per square inch or megapascals).
a gas, electric, or microwave oven equipped with a fan that circulates and intensifies the heat
Convection Oven
Cross Sectional Area
Area of a two-dimensional shape that is exposed when cutting through an object along a plane.
The total number of cycles an oszillation has done during a specified amount of time.
Cycles
Virtual container used for organizing and storing files, allowing users to group related data and navigate the file system in a hierarchical manner.
Directory
A double belt press comprises two endless steel belts revolving in opposing directions with mutually facing sides thereof pressed against each other and against material passed therebetween by means of stationary, temperature-controlled press plates.
Doppelbandpresse
Double Belt Press
Energy
Ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object
Digital file or document created using Microsoft Excel software, designed to store, manipulate, and present data in an interactive, tabular format, allowing users to perform calculations, create charts, and organize information.
Excel-Spreadsheet
The 50th percentile is the value below which 50% of the data points in a dataset fall, representing the median.
In a dataset of exam scores (85, 90, 92, 78, 88, 95, 82), the 50th percentile (median) is 88, separating the data into two equal halves.
Material Characteristic that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending
Flexural Modulus
Bruchfläche
Exposed surface of a material that has undergone mechanical failure, such as cracking or breaking, revealing the internal structure and characteristics of the material as a result of the fracture process.
Fracture Surface
The fracture surface of a broken tensile test specimen
Object derived out of an object due to the fracturing of the speimen.
Fractured Part Of Test Specimen
A half of a fractured tensile test specimen
An ID which is unique for a object, clearly identifying it.
Generated Identifier
Hall Flow Rate
Gemessen wird die Zeit, die erforderlich ist, damit 50 g eines metallischen Pulvers durch die Ausflussöffnung eines kalibrierten Trichters (Hall Flowmeter) mit genormten Maßen fließen
A numeric or alphanumeric string obtained by applying a hash function to a piece of data
"there are no two files in the entire universe that have the same hash value"
Hash Value
Loss of an objects quality to be unbroken and not damaged
Loss of broken
Machine
A piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a particular type of work
Mass Fraction
Ratio w_i of the mass m_i of a portion of material to the total mass m_tot of the total portion of material
Material Characteristic
Quality that is an intensive property of some material, allowing to compare different materials
Measuring instruments are devices that are used to determine the value of a physical quantity or characteristic of a specimen or material, such as its length, weight, temperature, pressure, or electrical properties.
Measurement Instrument
Instrument that measures the heat flow of a material during temperature changes, providing insights into its phase transitions, thermal properties, and stability.
Specific Heat Capacity Measurement Instrument
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's specific heat capacity
Measurement Unit of Specific Heat Capacity
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's thermal diffusivity,
Differential scanning calorimeter manufactured by Netzsch, designed to measure heat flow changes in materials during temperature variations, providing valuable insights into their thermal properties and behavior.
Represents the value below which 90% of the data points in a dataset fall, indicating that 90% of the values are lower than or equal to this specific value.
In a dataset of test scores (65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110), the 90th percentile is 105, indicating that 90% of the scores are below or equal to this value.
By default built by dividing the total change of length of a specimen by its original length
Normalized Change In Length
Quality characterizing the change in objects length to its original length.
Portable Document, standardized as ISO 32000, is a file developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
PDF File
An ID which a part gets in a specific buildjob-file. Two parts printed using the same buildjob-file have the same PartIDInBuildjob
In statistics, a k-th percentile (percentile score or centile) is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls (exclusive definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls (inclusive definition).
Porosity
Fraction of the volume of voids contained in a portion of material over the total volume of the portion of material
Portion of a specific metallic alloy of stainless steel that is austenitic and contains nickel and molybdenum, which make it corrosion resistant
Lightweight, silvery-white metal with the symbol Al and atomic number 13, known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and widespread use in various industries
Nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 6 that readily forms compounds with many other elements and is a constituent of organic compounds in all known living tissues
Carbon
Hard, lustrous metal with excellent corrosion resistance, commonly used in alloys and surface coatings for industrial and decorative purposes.
Chrome
Epoxy
Portion of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups
One or more filaments in an ordered assemblage.
ASTM D3878-20b, Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Fibre
Filament
Portion of Material with a high length to diameter ratio
3D-Printer Filament
Carbon Filament: An older type of filament used in historical incandescent light bulbs before tungsten became popular.
Silver-white malleable ductile magnetic heavy metallic element that readily rusts in moist air, occurs in pure form in meteorites and combined in most igneous rocks, is the most abundant element on Earth by mass, and is vital to biological processes
Iron
Manganese
Portion of material consisting out of chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard brittle silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron.
Opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides
Metal
Molybdenum
Portion of material consisting out of chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42
Silver-white hard malleable ductile metallic element capable of a high polish and resistant to corrosion that is used chiefly in alloys and as a catalyst
Nickel
Polyactide
Portion of thermoplastic polyester with backbone formula (C3H4O2)n or [–C(CH3)HC(=O)O–]n, formally obtained by condensation
Polycarbonate
Portion of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures
Powder
Portion of Material that consists of many tiny particles of a solid substance
Shielding Gas
Portion of inert or semi-inert gases that are commonly used in several welding processes to protect the welding area from oxygon and water vapour
Tetravalent nonmetallic element with atomic number 14 that occurs combined as the most abundant element next to oxygen in the earth's crust and is used especially in semiconductors, in ferrosilicon for steelmaking, and in other alloys
Silicon
A plastic that repeatedly can be softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a temperature range characteristic of the plastic, and that in the softened state can be shaped by flow into articles by molding or extrusion.
Thermoplast
A class of polymers that, when cured using heat, chemical, or other means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble material
Duromer
Duroplast
Thermoset
Thermosetting Polymer
Powder Manufacturer
Company or entity that specializes in producing powdered substances through processes such as grinding, milling, or atomization, for use in various industries, applications, and products.
m4p
Machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure
Press
R-Ratio
Stressratio
In fatigue analysis, the "R-ratio" or "R-factor" refers to the ratio of the minimum stress to the maximum stress experienced by a material during a fatigue loading cycle. It is typically denoted as R=stress_min/stress_max.
The ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
Relative Density
Bearing the quality of being unbroken and undamaged
Remain unbroken
SQL Database
An SQL database is a structured collection of data that uses a schema to define and manipulate data using the Structured Query Language (SQL).
STL File
The STL file format (surface tessellation language, or stereolithography) has established itself as a quasi-industrial standard for transferring data in additive manufacturing processes. It is a system neutral data format for exchanging pure geometric data. The boundary surfaces of volume models are described by triangles (planar facets) and their normal vectors. STL datasets can be stored using either ASCII or binary representations. The binary format is preferable because the volume of data is greatly reduced. The STL data format is not recommended for exchanging data between CAD/CAM systems because the geometry is irreversibly facetted.
Workpiece
Raw material or component that is being transformed into a finished product.
Halbzeug
Semi Finished Part
The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
Experiment and Calculation of Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperatures, 2011
Specific Heat Capacity
Typically these are short numbers mounted/written directly onto single parts.
A specimen ID which is non-unique for a specimen and requires more meta-data to clearly identify a part.
Norm
Information Conent Entity that provides guidelines, specifications, or procedures to ensure uniformity and consistency in various processes, products, or services within a specific industry or field.
Standard
A Stasis of Quality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an object maintains the same Temperature.
the temperature is contant during the regarded time
Stasis of temperature
stress, in physical sciences and engineering, force per unit area within materials that arises from externally applied forces, uneven heating, or permanent deformation and that permits an accurate description and prediction of elastic, plastic, and fluid behaviour. A stress is expressed as a quotient of a force divided by an area.
Spannung
Stress
Surface Area
A quality that measures the total area that the surface of an object occupies
Behavior and response of a material or structure under applied tensile forces, determining its ability to resist stretching or elongation and withstand tensile loads before undergoing failure or fracturing.
Tensile Characteristic
Tensile Modulus
mechanical property that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness of a solid material when the force is applied lengthwise
Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking
Tensile Strength
Tensile Test Specimen
Artifact designed to be used in a tensile test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of
Represents the value below which 90% of the data points in a dataset fall, indicating that 10% of the values are lower than or equal to this specific value.
Representative sample or component used in experimental testing to assess and evaluate the properties, behavior, or performance of materials, products, or systems under specific conditions.
Specimen
In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It measures the rate of transfer of heat of a material from the hot end to the cold end. It has the SI derived unit of m2/s.
Thermal Diffusivity
Intact
Unbroken
Not been broken or damaged, maintaining its complete or original state without interruption or weakening
Amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape
Joining