Fraunhofer IGCV Manufacturing Application Ontology
type: Ontology
imports: protege-dc.owl
imports: AgentOntology
imports: ArtifactOntology
imports: EventOntology
imports: QualityOntology
imports: UnitsOfMeasurementOntology
creator: Thomas Bjarsch
date: 15.01.2024
license: CC-BY-4.0
comment: It uses Basic Formal Ontology as Top- and Common Core Ontologies as Mid-Level-Ontologies.
comment: This ontology, designed for use in data management within the Fraunhofer IGCV's project-specific web-app, includes only those classes that are directly relevant to the project's needs. It primarily integrates existing classes from the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO), selectively chosen to fit the considered use cases in our project. This focused approach ensures efficient and relevant data categorization and retrieval tailored to our specific project requirements.
comment: This ontology, developed for use at Fraunhofer IGCV, comprises a detailed collection of entities and their associated descriptions, tailored to support a range of projects like ODE_AM and HybridDigital within the manufacturing domain. It includes specific categories such as materials, processes, machinery, and quality standards, all of which are vital for research and development in advanced manufacturing techniques.
version info: 1.0.0

ActOfManufacturing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has output
  some values from: Artifact
alternative label: Fabrication

Density
has token unit: kg/m3

Spreadsheet
alternative label: Table

Absorbed Fracture Energy
type: Class
subclass of: Energy
definition: Bei der Prüfung mit einem Pendelschlagwerk für das Brechen der Probe erforderliche Energie, die bezüglich der Reibung korrigiert ist @de
definition source: DIN EN ISO 148-1
comment: Translated from german standard to english
definition: The energy required to break the specimen in a pendulum impact test, corrected for friction

Addition
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMathematicalOperation
definition: Mathematical process where two or more numbers or quantities are combined together to find their sum or total value.
example: 4+5

Bending Testing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: Bending Test Specimen
definition: Act of measuring that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of a portion of material

Charpy impact testing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
alternative label: Charpy V-notch test
definition: Standardized high strain rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. Uses Standard DIN EN ISO 148

Compression testing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: Compression Test Specimen
definition: Act of measuring in which a material experiences opposing forces that push inward upon the specimen from opposite sides or is otherwise compressed, “squashed”, crushed, or flattened

Consolidation
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactProcessing
definition: Process that compacts and solidifies a material, often by applying pressure, to decrease porosity and enhance mechanical properties. @de
label: Verdichtung @de

Curing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactProcessing
definition: Process wherein a material undergoes a chemical change to become hard and stable, often achieved through maintaining a specific temperature and humidity level for a set period. @de
label: Aushärtung @de

Density measuring
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ActOfMeasuring
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: is a measurement of
      some values from: Density
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
definition: Quantitative assessment of an object's mass per unit volume, often expressed in terms like kilograms per cubic meter or grams per cubic centimeter

Division
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMathematicalOperation
definition: Mathematical process where a number or quantity is separated or distributed into equal parts, determining how many times one number (the divisor) can be subtracted from another number (the dividend) to obtain a quotient or result.

Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfSpecificHeatCapacityMeasuring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has process part
  some values from: ActOfSpecificHeatCapacityMeasuring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has process part
  some values from: Temperature Measurement
acronym: DSC
definition: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned.

Fatigue Test
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
definition: Mechanical testing that involves subjecting a material or component to repeated cyclic loading or stress, typically at varying levels, to evaluate its resistance to fatigue failure and to determine its fatigue life and behavior under real-world operating conditions.

Forming
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactModification
definition: Process involving the physical manipulation of an object. With forming, an object is physically deformed to achieve a different size and/or shape. @de
definition source: https://monroeengineering.com/blog/joining-vs-forming-manufacturing-processes-whats-the-difference/
label: Verformen @de

Grinding
type: Class
subclass of: Machining
definition source: https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/611/grinding
definition: Act of abrasive machining that uses a grinding wheel or grinder as the cutting tool to improve surface qualities

Laser flash analysis
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
acronym: LFA
definition: The laser flash analysis or laser flash method is used to measure thermal diffusivity of a variety of different materials. An energy pulse heats one side of a plane-parallel sample and the resulting time dependent temperature rise on the backside due to the energy input is detected.

Machining
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactModification
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machining
definition: Process whereby a desired shape or part is achieved by the controlled removal of material from a larger piece of raw material by cutting

ActOfMathematicalOperation
type: Class
subclass of: IntentionalAct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: InformationContentEntity
acronym: Mathematical Operation
definition: Act following a systematic set of steps or rules to transform input data or expressions into meaningful output, facilitating mathematical calculations and problem-solving.

Milling
type: Class
subclass of: Machining
definition: Act of machining using rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece by advancing or feeding in a direction at an angle with the axis of the tool
definition: https://mime.oregonstate.edu/mill-manufacturing-process

Multiplication
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMathematicalOperation
definition: Mathematical operation where two or more numbers or quantities are combined or repeated to find their product, representing the total of multiple equal groups or sets.
example: 3*12

Pressing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactProcessing
definition: Process where pressure is applied to a material to alter its shape, form, or properties, often using a machine press to compress, compact, or shape it. @de
label: Pressen @de

ActOfSieving
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfArtifactProcessing
definition: Powder sieving is the process of separating particles of a powdered material into different size fractions by passing the powder through a mesh or sieve, ensuring uniformity and desired particle size distribution.

ActOfSpecificHeatCapacityMeasuring
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: ActOfMeasuring
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: is a measurement of
      some values from: Specific Heat Capacity
acronym: Specific Heat Capacity Measurement
definition: Material charakterization Process in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature.

Subtraction
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMathematicalOperation
definition: Mathematical operation where one number or quantity is taken away from another to find the difference or result, representing the distance or gap between the two values.
example: 10-4

Temperature Measurement
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ActOfMeasuring
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: is a measurement of
      some values from: Temperature
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
definition: The act of measuring temperature involves using specialized instruments or devices to quantify the level of heat or coldness in an object or environment, expressing the result in a numerical value typically using a specific unit of measurement such as degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Tensile Testing
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: Tensile Test Specimen
definition: Act of measuring in domains materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure

Thermomechanical Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: ActOfMeasuring
acronym: TMA
definition: A technique in which a deformation of the sample under non-oscillating stress is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed. The stress may be compression, tension, flexure or torsion.

Turning
type: Class
subclass of: Machining
definition source: https://www.huyett.com/blog/manufacturing-process-turning
definition: Act of machining performed on a lathe in which the workpiece rotates at high speeds while a fixed cutting tool removes material

Vibratory Grinding
type: Class
subclass of: Grinding
definition: Vibratory grinding is a process of material removal and surface finishing where parts are placed in a vibrating container filled with abrasive media, which smooths and polishes the surfaces through continuous and rapid movements.

Virtual Geometry Manipulation
type: Class
subclass of: IntentionalAct
example: Scaling an STL-Model, change the shape of an CAD Model

Autoclave
type: Class
subclass of: Machine
definition: An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature.
definition source: Wikipedia

Bending Test Specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Specimen
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is input of
    some values from: Bending Testing
subclass of: Specimen
definition: Artifact designed to be used in a bending test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of

Broken
type: Class
subclass of: Disposition
definition: State of being damaged, fractured, or not in proper working condition, typically describing an object, device, or system that is no longer functioning as intended due to physical or functional impairment.

Column
type: Class
subclass of: InformationBearingArtifact
definition: A column in a database table is a vertical entity that stores a specific attribute of data, all of the same data type, for each record in the table.

Compression Test Specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Specimen
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is input of
    some values from: Compression testing
subclass of: Specimen
definition: Artifact designed to be used in a compression test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of

Compressive Characteristic
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
definition: Behavior and response of a material or structure under applied compressive forces, determining its ability to resist compression and withstand compressive loads before undergoing deformation or failure.

Compressive Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Compressive Characteristic
alternative label: modulus of elasticity in compression
definition: Mechanical property that measures the compressive stiffness of a solid material when the compressive force is applied lengthwise.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus
has token unit: MegaPascal

Compressive Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Compressive Characteristic
has token unit: MPa
definition: Maximum amount of compressive stress a material can withstand before it fails or experiences permanent deformation, measured in units of force per unit area (e.g., pounds per square inch or megapascals).

Convection Oven
type: Class
subclass of: Machine
definition: a gas, electric, or microwave oven equipped with a fan that circulates and intensifies the heat
definition source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/convection-oven

Cross Sectional Area
type: Class
subclass of: Quality
definition: Area of a two-dimensional shape that is exposed when cutting through an object along a plane.

Cycles
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessProfile
definition: The total number of cycles an oszillation has done during a specified amount of time.

Directory
type: Class
subclass of: ImmaterialEntity
alternative label: Folder
definition: Virtual container used for organizing and storing files, allowing users to group related data and navigate the file system in a hierarchical manner.

Double Belt Press
type: Class
subclass of: Press
definition: A double belt press comprises two endless steel belts revolving in opposing directions with mutually facing sides thereof pressed against each other and against material passed therebetween by means of stationary, temperature-controlled press plates.
definition source: https://overseadia.baidu.com/trade/products/Double-Belt-Press
label: Doppelbandpresse @de

Energy
type: Class
subclass of: RealizableEntity
definition source: https://ingeniumcanada.org/scitech/education/tell-me-about/physics-of-energy
has token unit: J
definition: Ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object

Excel-Spreadsheet
type: Class
subclass of: Spreadsheet
definition: Digital file or document created using Microsoft Excel software, designed to store, manipulate, and present data in an interactive, tabular format, allowing users to perform calculations, create charts, and organize information. @de
example: test_file.xlsx @de

50th Percentile
type: Class
subclass of: Percentile
alternative label: Median
definition: The 50th percentile is the value below which 50% of the data points in a dataset fall, representing the median.
example: In a dataset of exam scores (85, 90, 92, 78, 88, 95, 82), the 50th percentile (median) is 88, separating the data into two equal halves.

Flexural Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
definition: Material Characteristic that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus
alternative label: BendingModulus

Fracture Surface
type: Class
subclass of: FiatSurface
alternative label: Bruchfläche @de
definition: Exposed surface of a material that has undergone mechanical failure, such as cracking or breaking, revealing the internal structure and characteristics of the material as a result of the fracture process.
example: The fracture surface of a broken tensile test specimen

Fractured Part Of Test Specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ActOfMeasuring
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is cause of
        some values from: Loss of broken
definition: Object derived out of an object due to the fracturing of the speimen.
example: A half of a fractured tensile test specimen

Generated Identifier
type: Class
subclass of: PartNumber
alternative label: Unique Part ID
definition: An ID which is unique for a object, clearly identifying it.
example: 4124k-24143k-4jk41

Hall Flow Rate
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
SI unit label: s/50g
definition source: DIN EN ISO 4490
definition: Gemessen wird die Zeit, die erforderlich ist, damit 50 g eines metallischen Pulvers durch die Ausflussöffnung eines kalibrierten Trichters (Hall Flowmeter) mit genormten Maßen fließen

Hash Value
type: Class
subclass of: CodeIdentifier
definition: A numeric or alphanumeric string obtained by applying a hash function to a piece of data
comment: "there are no two files in the entire universe that have the same hash value"

Loss of broken
type: Class
subclass of: LossOfDisposition
definition: Loss of an objects quality to be unbroken and not damaged

Machine
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
definition source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/machine
definition: A piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a particular type of work

Mass Fraction
type: Class
subclass of: RelationalQuality
has token unit: mo:PercentMeasurementUnit
definition: Ratio w_i of the mass m_i of a portion of material to the total mass m_tot of the total portion of material

Material Characteristic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: quality of
    some values from: PortionOfMaterial
subclass of: Quality
definition: Quality that is an intensive property of some material, allowing to compare different materials

Measurement Instrument
type: Class
subclass of: Machine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is input of
  some values from: ActOfMeasuring
definition: Measuring instruments are devices that are used to determine the value of a physical quantity or characteristic of a specimen or material, such as its length, weight, temperature, pressure, or electrical properties.

Specific Heat Capacity Measurement Instrument
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Instrument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is input of
  some values from: Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry
definition: Instrument that measures the heat flow of a material during temperature changes, providing insights into its phase transitions, thermal properties, and stability.

Measurement Unit of Specific Heat Capacity
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's specific heat capacity
example of usage: (Joule per Gram) per Kelvin

Measurement Unit of thermal diffusivity
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's thermal diffusivity,

Netzsch DSC 204F1 Phoenix
type: Class
subclass of: Specific Heat Capacity Measurement Instrument
definition: Differential scanning calorimeter manufactured by Netzsch, designed to measure heat flow changes in materials during temperature variations, providing valuable insights into their thermal properties and behavior.
definition source: https://analyzing-testing.netzsch.com/de/produkte-und-loesungen/dynamische-differenzkalorimetrie-dsc-differenz-thermoanalyse-dta/dsc-204-f1-phoenix

90th Percentile
type: Class
subclass of: Percentile
definition: Represents the value below which 90% of the data points in a dataset fall, indicating that 90% of the values are lower than or equal to this specific value.
example: In a dataset of test scores (65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110), the 90th percentile is 105, indicating that 90% of the scores are below or equal to this value.

Normalized Change In Length
type: Class
subclass of: Quality
comment: By default built by dividing the total change of length of a specimen by its original length
definition: Quality characterizing the change in objects length to its original length.

PDF File
type: Class
subclass of: InformationBearingArtifact
definition: Portable Document, standardized as ISO 32000, is a file developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

Part ID in Buildjob
type: Class
subclass of: PartNumber
definition: An ID which a part gets in a specific buildjob-file. Two parts printed using the same buildjob-file have the same PartIDInBuildjob
example: 42g54-2523-124

Percentile
type: Class
subclass of: ProbabilityMeasurementInformationContentEntity
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile
definition: In statistics, a k-th percentile (percentile score or centile) is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls (exclusive definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls (inclusive definition).

Porosity
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
alternative label: void fraction
has token unit: mo:PercentMeasurementUnit
definition: Fraction of the volume of voids contained in a portion of material over the total volume of the portion of material

Steel 316L
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfSteelMaterial
alternative label: 1.4404
definition: Portion of a specific metallic alloy of stainless steel that is austenitic and contains nickel and molybdenum, which make it corrosion resistant

Aluminum
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: Al
definition: Lightweight, silvery-white metal with the symbol Al and atomic number 13, known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and widespread use in various industries

Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
acronym: C @de
definition: Nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 6 that readily forms compounds with many other elements and is a constituent of organic compounds in all known living tissues @de
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carbon

Chrome
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: Cr
definition: Hard, lustrous metal with excellent corrosion resistance, commonly used in alloys and surface coatings for industrial and decorative purposes. @de

Epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: Thermoset
acronym: EP
definition: Portion of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups

Fibre
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
definition: One or more filaments in an ordered assemblage.
definition source: ASTM D3878-20b, Standard Terminology for Composite Materials

Filament
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
definition: Portion of Material with a high length to diameter ratio
example: 3D-Printer Filament
example: Carbon Filament: An older type of filament used in historical incandescent light bulbs before tungsten became popular. @de

Iron
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: FE
definition: Silver-white malleable ductile magnetic heavy metallic element that readily rusts in moist air, occurs in pure form in meteorites and combined in most igneous rocks, is the most abundant element on Earth by mass, and is vital to biological processes
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/iron

Manganese
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: Mn
definition: Portion of material consisting out of chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard brittle silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron.

Metal
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
definition: Opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides @de
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal
example: Iron @de

Molybdenum
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: Mo
definition: Portion of material consisting out of chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42

Nickel
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
acronym: Ni
definition: Silver-white hard malleable ductile metallic element capable of a high polish and resistant to corrosion that is used chiefly in alloys and as a catalyst
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nickel

Polyactide
type: Class
subclass of: Thermoplast
acronym: PLA
definition: Portion of thermoplastic polyester with backbone formula (C3H4O2)n or [–C(CH3)HC(=O)O–]n, formally obtained by condensation

Polycarbonate
type: Class
subclass of: Thermoplast
acronym: PC
definition: Portion of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures

Powder
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
definition source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/de/worterbuch/englisch/powder
definition: Portion of Material that consists of many tiny particles of a solid substance

Shielding Gas
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding_gas
definition: Portion of inert or semi-inert gases that are commonly used in several welding processes to protect the welding area from oxygon and water vapour

Silicon
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfMaterial
acronym: Si
definition: Tetravalent nonmetallic element with atomic number 14 that occurs combined as the most abundant element next to oxygen in the earth's crust and is used especially in semiconductors, in ferrosilicon for steelmaking, and in other alloys
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/silicon

Thermoplast
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfPolymer
definition: A plastic that repeatedly can be softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a temperature range characteristic of the plastic, and that in the softened state can be shaped by flow into articles by molding or extrusion.
definition source: ASTM D3878-20b, Standard Terminology for Composite Materials

Thermoset
type: Class
subclass of: PortionOfPolymer
definition: A class of polymers that, when cured using heat, chemical, or other means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble material
definition source: ASTM D3878-20b, Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
label: Duromer @de
label: Duroplast @de
label: Thermosetting Polymer
example: Epoxy

Powder Manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: CommercialOrganization
definition: Company or entity that specializes in producing powdered substances through processes such as grinding, milling, or atomization, for use in various industries, applications, and products.
example: m4p

Press
type: Class
subclass of: Tool
definition: Machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_press

R-Ratio
type: Class
subclass of: RatioMeasurementInformationContentEntity
alternative label: RFactor
label: Stressratio
definition: In fatigue analysis, the "R-ratio" or "R-factor" refers to the ratio of the minimum stress to the maximum stress experienced by a material during a fatigue loading cycle. It is typically denoted as R=stress_min/stress_max.

Relative Density
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
definition: The ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_density
has token unit: Percent

Remain unbroken
type: Class
subclass of: StasisOfDisposition
comment: Bearing the quality of being unbroken and undamaged

SQL Database
type: Class
subclass of: Database
definition: An SQL database is a structured collection of data that uses a schema to define and manipulate data using the Structured Query Language (SQL).

STL File
type: Class
subclass of: InformationBearingArtifact
definition source: VDI 3405
definition: The STL file format (surface tessellation language, or stereolithography) has established itself as a quasi-industrial standard for transferring data in additive manufacturing processes. It is a system neutral data format for exchanging pure geometric data. The boundary surfaces of volume models are described by triangles (planar facets) and their normal vectors. STL datasets can be stored using either ASCII or binary representations. The binary format is preferable because the volume of data is greatly reduced. The STL data format is not recommended for exchanging data between CAD/CAM systems because the geometry is irreversibly facetted.

Semi Finished Part
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
alternative label: Workpiece
definition: Raw material or component that is being transformed into a finished product.
definition source: https://berknesscompany.com/glossary/workpiece/
label: Halbzeug @de

Specific Heat Capacity
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
definition: The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
definition source: Experiment and Calculation of Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperatures, 2011
has token unit: J/(kg K)

SpecimenID
type: Class
subclass of: CodeIdentifier
alternative label: Non Unique Specimen ID
comment: Typically these are short numbers mounted/written directly onto single parts.
definition: A specimen ID which is non-unique for a specimen and requires more meta-data to clearly identify a part.
example: "2" or "8"

Standard
type: Class
subclass of: DirectiveInformationContentEntity
alternative label: Norm @de
definition: Information Conent Entity that provides guidelines, specifications, or procedures to ensure uniformity and consistency in various processes, products, or services within a specific industry or field.
example: DIN 50100

Stasis of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: StasisOfQuality
definition: A Stasis of Quality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an object maintains the same Temperature.
comment: the temperature is contant during the regarded time

Stress
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessProfile
definition: stress, in physical sciences and engineering, force per unit area within materials that arises from externally applied forces, uneven heating, or permanent deformation and that permits an accurate description and prediction of elastic, plastic, and fluid behaviour. A stress is expressed as a quotient of a force divided by an area.
definition source: https://www.britannica.com/science/stress-physics
label: Spannung @de

Surface Area
type: Class
subclass of: Quality
SI unit symbol: 'comm:Square Meter Measurement Unit'
definition: A quality that measures the total area that the surface of an object occupies

Tensile Characteristic
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
definition: Behavior and response of a material or structure under applied tensile forces, determining its ability to resist stretching or elongation and withstand tensile loads before undergoing failure or fracturing.
example: Tensile Modulus

Tensile Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Tensile Characteristic
alternative label: modulus of elasticity in tension
definition: mechanical property that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness of a solid material when the force is applied lengthwise
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus
has token unit: MegaPascal

Tensile Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Tensile Characteristic
definition: Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength
has token unit: MPa

Tensile Test Specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Specimen
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is input of
    some values from: Tensile Testing
subclass of: Specimen
definition: Artifact designed to be used in a tensile test to determine characteristics about the material it's made of

10th Percentile
type: Class
subclass of: Percentile
definition: Represents the value below which 90% of the data points in a dataset fall, indicating that 10% of the values are lower than or equal to this specific value.

Specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
definition: Representative sample or component used in experimental testing to assess and evaluate the properties, behavior, or performance of materials, products, or systems under specific conditions.

Thermal Diffusivity
type: Class
subclass of: Material Characteristic
SI unit label: m^2/s
definition: In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It measures the rate of transfer of heat of a material from the hot end to the cold end. It has the SI derived unit of m2/s.

Unbroken
type: Class
subclass of: Disposition
alternative label: Intact
definition: Not been broken or damaged, maintaining its complete or original state without interruption or weakening

Volume
type: Class
subclass of: Quality
SI unit label: V
definition source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/volume
has token unit: 'comm:Cubic Meter Measurement Unit'
definition: Amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape

GigapascalMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnitOfPressure
SI unit symbol: GPa

JoulePerGramPerKelvinMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Measurement Unit of Specific Heat Capacity
SI unit symbol: J/(g/K)

JoulePerKilogramPerKelvinMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Measurement Unit of Specific Heat Capacity
SI unit symbol: J/(kg/K)

MegapascalMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnitOfPressure
SI unit symbol: MPa

MicrometerMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnitOfLength
SI unit symbol: um

MillimeterPerSecondMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnitOfSpeed
SI unit symbol: mm/s

PercentMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnit
SI unit symbol: %

SecondsPerFiftyGrams
type: NamedIndividual
type: MeasurementUnitOfMassFlowRate
SI unit symbol: s/50g

SquareMeterPerSecondMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Measurement Unit of thermal diffusivity
SI unit symbol: m^2/s

SquareMillimeterPerSecondMeasurementUnit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Measurement Unit of thermal diffusivity
SI unit symbol: mm^2/s

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